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ObjectiveTo analyze the morbidity and mortality characteristics and prevalence trends of asopharyngeal carcinoma among registered residents in Yuyao City of Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2021， and to provide suggestions for the prevention and treatment of the cancer. MethodsThe incidence and mortality data of asopharyngeal carcinoma in Yuyao City from 2012 to 2021 were collected. The incidence， mortality， standardized rate， cut-off rate， cumulative rate and annual percentage of trend change were calculated. A linear logarithmic model was used to analyze the variation trend. ResultsFrom 2012 to 2021， the crude incidence rate was 6.46/105 in Yuyao， while the Chinese standard rate was 4.78/105 and the world standard rate was 3.68/105， which all increased over the years. The indicators in males were higher than these in females （χ2=85.377， P<0.01）. The cumulative incidence rate of ≥65 years old group was the highest （13.63/105）. The crude mortality rate was 2.45/105， while the Chinese standardized rate was 1.47/105 and the world standard rate was 1.14/105. The crude mortality rate in males was 3.25/105，which was higher than females（1.68/105）（χ2=20.958， P<0.01）. Overall， the cumulative rate was highest reached its peak in ≥75 years old group （10.75/105）. The male mortality rate reached its peak in the ≥80-year-old population （12.36/105）， and the female mortality rate in ≥75 years old group （11.03/105）. ConclusionThe incidence rate of asopharyngeal carcinoma in Yuyao City is generally increasing， but the mortality rate has no obvious variation. The key population for prevention and treatment in Yuyao City is male， middle-aged and elderly.
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OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of additional use of Cypate gingival fluid in periodontal basic therapy before surgery in the treatment of pregnancy gingival tumor. METHODS: A total of 86 patients with pregnancy gingival tumor in Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University during Jan. 2015 to Jan. 2016 were divided into observation group and control group according to random number table, with 43 cases in each group. Control group received ligation and oral micro-electrosurgical surgery according to the volume of tumor. Observation group was given Cypate gingival fluid-based periodontal basic therapy (3-5 mL for gargling, 2-3 min each time, 3-5 times each day, 5 d) and then receive surgery. Clinical efficacies, gingival related indexes (gingival index, sulcular bleeding index, probing depth), quality scores of life, ADR, the occurrence of complications were observed in 2 groups. The followed-up was conducted 1 year after surgery, and the recurrence of gingival tumor was compared between 2 groups. RESULTS: No case was found shedding in the study. The total response rate of observation group was 97. 67％, which was significantly higher than 79. 07％ of control group (P＜0. 05). After treatment, the gingival related indexes of 2 groups were decreased significantly compared to before treatment, while quality scores of life were increased significantly compared to before treatment, observation group was significantly better than control group (P＜0. 05). No severe ADR or complication was found in 2 groups during treatment. Recurrence rate of gingival tumor in observation group was 2. 33％, which was significantly lower than 13. 95％ in control group 1 year after treatment (P＜0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with surgery alone, additional use of Cypate gingival fluid in periodontal basic therapy before surgery has better clinical efficacy and lower recurrence rate, with good safety.
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Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of bile-isolated pathogens in Xiamen area ,providing evi-dence for clinical use of antibiotics .Methods Bile cultures and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed on strains isolated from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University .WHONET 5 .6 was used for data analysis .Results In 35 out of 217 samples ,2 kinds of pathogens were isolated .Among these ,Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae coinfection was most common .There were 252 strains isolated totally ,with 83 gram-positive strains(32 .9% ) ,165 gram-negative strains (65 .5% ) and 4 fungi strains (1 .6% ) . Escherichia coli ,Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae were three of the most common pathogens isolated .Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were two of the most common nonfermenters isolated .The resistance rates of Enterobacte-riaceae to aminoglycosides ,fourth generation cephalosporins ,carbapenems or piperacillin/tazobactam were lower than 40 .0% .The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to quinolones was higher than 50 .0% .Enterococcus faecalis or enterococcus faecium were less re-sistant to vancomycin ,linezolid and tigecycline .The resistance rates of enterococcus to high concentration of streptomycin or genta-micin were lower than 30 .0% .Conclusion The top three common pathogens isolated from bile are Escherichia coli ,Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumonia in Xiamen area .Infections by Enterococcus together with Enterobacteriaceae account for large numbers of coinfection cases .The resistance rates to cephalosporin or quinolones of pathogens causing biliary tract infections have increased dramatically .
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Objective To analyze the distribution and antimicrobial resistance situation of pathogens isolated from blood culture to provide the scientific basis for the accuratel use of antibacterial drugs and preventing and controlling nosocomial acquired blood‐stream infection .Methods The US BACTEK‐FK automatic blood culture instrument and the French VITEK 2 COMPACT auto‐matic bacteria identification/susceptibility system were used to conduct the culture ,identification of blood culture isolated bacterial strains and drug susceptibility test .The results of drug susceptibility test were judged by adopting the 2011 criteria of the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute(CLSI) .Results The main isolated bacteria from blood culture for the recent three years were E coli ,staphylococcus aureus and klebsiella pneumonia bacteria ,coagulase negative staphylococcus(CNS) ,etc .The proportions of hos‐pital‐acquired bloodstream infections during these period were 42 .2% ,46 .9% and 54 .1% respectively .The detection rate of methi‐cillin‐resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 18 .8% ,which of multiple drug resistant acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) was 42 .9% ,which of producing extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBLs) in E .coli and klebsiella pneumoniae were 71 .8% and 69 .8% respectively .Conclusion The bloodstream infections pathogens in this hospital are mainly Enterobacteriaceae bacteria ,the proportion of hospital‐acquired bloodstream infections increases year by year ;the detection rate of multi‐drug resistant Acinetobact‐er baumanni (MDRAB) is higher ,clinic should pay more attention to the change of blood culture pathogens and their drug resist‐ance trend ,meanwhile nosocomial bloodstream infection should be prevented and controlled .
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Objective To investigate the staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec)genotypes and molecular epidemi-ology of hospital-acquired MRSA.Methods A total of 26 non-duplicate MRSA isolates with the same resistant pattern were studied.SCCmec genotyping was analyzed by multiplex PCR.Repetitive element polymerase chain reaction (Rep-PCR)tech-nique was used to analyze the homology between these strains based on the DiversiLab system.Results The most common geno-type of these MRSA strains was SCCmec-III (84.6%).Two strains belonged to SCCmec-II and 1 SCCmec-IV.SCCmec-I strain was not identified.Based on the results of DiversiLab analysis,these MRSA strains were classified into 10 groups.The genetic similarity ranged from 40% to 100% among these SCCmec types.The two strains of SCCmec-II belonged to the same subtype.The similarity coefficient was higher than 90% for one strain of SCCmec-III subtype 1.The 4 strains of SCCmec-III subtype 3 were grouped into the same set with a similarity coefficient of > 95%.The MRSA strains of SCCmec-III subtype 2 was divided into 5 groups (similarity co-efficient > 90%).Conclusions SCCmec-III is the major genotype of MRSA isolates in our hospital.MRSA strains may spread in some wards.Clinicians and infection control department should pay close attention to this issue.
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Objective:To study the role of protein kinase C-δin the Dectin-1-Src-Syk-mediated killing of Candida albicans by macrophages and investigate the molecular mechanism of antifungal innate immunity .Methods:Cell surface receptors were accessed by Flow Cytometry.Mouse bone marrow derived macrophages were pre-incubated with different protein kinase inhibitors and then stimulated with C.albicans.The phosphorylation of related proteins was determined by Western blot.The ROS production,phagocytosis and killing of C.albicans by macrophages were measured.Results:Either Src or Syk inhibitor reduced C.albicans induced PKC-δphos-phorylation.PKC-δinhibitor Rottlerin reduced p40phox phosphorylation,ROS production and killing of C.albicans but had no effect on the phagocytosis of C.albicans by macrophages.Conclusion:PKC-δinhibitor Rottlerin reduced the killing of Candida albicans by mac-rophages through the inhibition of NADPH complex activation and ROS production ,suggesting that PKC-δplays an important role in an-tifungal innate immunity.
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Medicated diet has a long history in China. It is a special dietary form under the guidance of basic theo-ries of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This article discussed the characteristics, hot spots and methodological development of current study on medicated diet. It also discussed on current misunderstandings on the study of med-icated diet, such as lack of the guidance of systematic theory, not well-formed system, lack of professional personnel and their limitations, in order to promote the subject development of medicated diet.
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Objective To investigate the clinical distribution and the drug resistance characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Methods The results of the bacterial culture and the antimicrobial susceptibility test in the hospital from July 2007 to October 2008 were performed the retrospective analysis.Results Totally 335 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated,accounting for 9.2% of isolated pathogenic bacteria.The main specimen source was sputum,accounting for 77.6%.The ICU ward was the high incidence area.The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to amikacin,piperacillin/tazobactam,tobramycin,levofloxacin, cefepime,gentamicin,ticarcillin and ciprofloxacin were less than 10%.The resistance rates of imipenem-insensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa to aztreonam,ceftazidime,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,piperacillin/tazobzctam were significantly higher than those in imi-penem-sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P <0.05).Conclusion The multiple drug resistance phenomena of Pseudomonas aerugi-nosa generally exist,amikacin,piperacillin/tazobactam and tobramycin are recommended for the treatment of infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of qepA, quinolone efflux protein, among 41 unique clinical strains of K. pneumoniae producing ESBLs and to study the qepA-bearing isolates using the Diversilab system. Methods Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility were performed by Vitek-2 Compact System. Screening of qepA was carried out by PCR amplification. The NCBI BLAST program was utilized for sequence comparisons. qnr-bearing strains was evaluated by the Repetitive-sequence-based PCR(Rep-PCR) employing the Diversilab system. And the existence of rmtB was detected among these qepA contained isolates. Results qepA were detected in 5 isolates( 12.2% ). The Rep-PCR profiles produced by the Diversilab system showed that 2/5 of isolates were indistinguishable. And 60% of qepA-positive isolates were detected to harbor rmtB gene. Conclusion The data suggest the emergence of qepA-borne K. pneumoniae.